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Vaginal Health, Women's Health

The Vaginal Microbiome: What It Is, What Disrupts It, and How to Support It Naturally

The vaginal microbiome plays a central role in reproductive health, comfort, and overall well-being. When it is balanced, most people never think twice about it. But when something feels off, it can cause discomfort, infections, or even changes in fertility and pregnancy health. Understanding how this ecosystem works and how to support it naturally can help you stay proactive about your vaginal health.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, we believe education is one of the most powerful tools for patients. This guide explains what the vaginal microbiome is, what can disrupt it, and provides small but meaningful steps you can take to maintain its health.

What Is the Vaginal Microbiome

The vaginal microbiome is the community of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that live in the vagina. When people discuss a healthy microbiome, they generally refer to one that is dominated by Lactobacillus species, a family of beneficial bacteria that plays a protective role.

These bacteria help maintain an acidic environment with a pH of around 3.8 to 4.5. This acidic environment prevents harmful bacteria and yeast from multiplying. Lactobacillus bacteria also produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, which help defend against infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.

Every person has a unique mix of microorganisms. Factors such as hormones, sexual activity, hygiene habits, medications, and even genetics can influence your personal microbial makeup.

A healthy vaginal microbiome helps:

  • Prevent infections and irritation

  • Maintain a balanced pH

  • Reduce inflammation

  • Support fertility

  • Protect pregnancy health

Understanding this system is the first step in maintaining it.

Why the Vaginal Microbiome Matters for Your Health

The vaginal microbiome does more than stay behind the scenes. Its balance affects several areas of reproductive health.

Infection Prevention

A balanced microbiome makes it difficult for harmful microorganisms to grow. When the natural pH level rises or beneficial bacteria decrease, infections such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections are more likely to occur.

Sexual Health

When the microbiome is disrupted, it can lead to dryness, irritation, or pain during sexual intercourse. Some research suggests that imbalance may also increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

Fertility and Pregnancy

A healthy vaginal microbiome supports sperm survival and reduces inflammation. During pregnancy, a balanced vaginal microbiome lowers the risk of complications such as preterm birth.

Comfort and Confidence

Issues like odor, itching, or unusual discharge often stem from microbial imbalance. Supporting the vaginal microbiome helps many patients feel more comfortable and confident in their daily lives.

What Can Disrupt the Vaginal Microbiome

Even though the vaginal microbiome is designed to protect itself, it can be sensitive to everyday factors. Here are some of the most common disruptors that can shift the balance.

1. Antibiotics

Antibiotics are essential medications, but they kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria. A round of antibiotics for another infection, such as strep throat or a sinus infection, can decrease Lactobacillus levels, creating an environment where yeast or harmful bacteria can thrive.

2. Hormonal Changes

Hormones, especially estrogen, influence the vaginal microbiome. This is why changes during puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or menopause can shift the bacterial balance. Low estrogen levels often lead to dryness and an increase in vaginal pH.

3. Sexual Activity

Sex can temporarily raise the vaginal pH, which may disrupt the microbiome. New partners and unprotected intercourse can also introduce unfamiliar bacteria.

4. Vaginal Hygiene Practices

The vagina is self-cleaning, but many products marketed as hygiene boosters can actually cause an imbalance. This includes douching, scented washes, scented pads or tampons, and fragranced menstrual products.

5. Menstrual Cycle

During menstruation, blood raises the vaginal pH, which can cause temporary changes in the microbiome. For some, this leads to odor or discomfort around their period.

6. Stress

Chronic stress affects the entire body, including the immune system and hormonal balance. These shifts can indirectly impact the vaginal microbiome.

7. Clothing Choices

Tight, non-breathable fabrics can create moisture buildup and warm environments where yeast can grow more easily.

8. Lubricants and Spermicides

Some lubricants change pH or contain ingredients that irritate the vaginal lining. Spermicides like nonoxynol-9 can also disrupt healthy bacteria.

Understanding what disrupts your vaginal microbiome can help you avoid unnecessary triggers and make choices that support long-term balance.

Signs Your Vaginal Microbiome May Be Out of Balance

Everyone’s body is different, but some common signs of imbalance include:

  • Itching or irritation

  • Unusual discharge

  • Odor that is stronger than usual

  • Burning sensations

  • Discomfort during intercourse

  • Recurrent yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis

If you experience these symptoms often, a healthcare provider can help identify the underlying cause and offer treatment options. Self-diagnosing vaginal infections is very difficult because symptoms overlap, so professional guidance is always recommended.

How to Support Your Vaginal Microbiome Naturally

Healthy habits can significantly support the vaginal microbiome. While these suggestions are not a substitute for medical treatment, they can improve overall vaginal health and help reduce the frequency of infections and irritation.

1. Choose the Right Underwear

Wear cotton underwear or underwear with a cotton gusset. Cotton allows airflow, keeps moisture from building up, and supports the natural vaginal environment.

Avoid wearing tight leggings or synthetic underwear for long periods, especially during workouts.

2. Use Gentle, Unscented Products

Choose fragrance-free soaps for your vulva, but avoid washing inside the vagina. Skip scented pads, tampons, and panty liners.

For laundry, use fragrance-free detergent, especially for delicate items like underwear.

3. Avoid Douching

Douching can remove healthy bacteria and disrupt the natural pH balance. The vagina is self-cleaning, so internal cleansing is never needed.

4. Consider Probiotics

Probiotics that contain Lactobacillus strains may help support the vaginal microbiome. Some studies suggest that oral probiotics can help restore balance, especially after antibiotic use.

However, not all probiotics are the same, so consult with your healthcare provider about which strains may be most beneficial for your specific needs.

5. Maintain Healthy Sexual Habits

Using condoms can minimize the introduction of new bacteria and help keep the vaginal pH stable. If you use lubricants, opt for pH-balanced, water-based options that are fragrance-free and free from harsh additives.

Urinating after intercourse may also help reduce bacteria near the urethra and vagina.

6. Manage Stress

Stress reduction techniques like deep breathing, yoga, regular exercise, or simply prioritizing sleep can help support hormonal balance and overall well-being.

7. Support Hormonal Health

For those experiencing changes related to menopause, breastfeeding, or other hormonal shifts, your provider may recommend treatments to support the vaginal lining and restore comfort.

8. Eat a Balanced Diet

A diet rich in fiber, fermented foods, and whole foods can support gut health, which in turn influences the vaginal microbiome. Foods such as yogurt, kefir, kimchi, and sauerkraut contain beneficial bacteria that may contribute to maintaining a balanced microbial environment.

9. Stay Hydrated

Hydration supports healthy mucous membranes throughout the body, including the vagina.

10. Get Regular Check Ups

If you experience recurring vaginal infections or discomfort, regular visits with your OB/GYN can help identify patterns and prevent complications.

When to See Your Provider

Natural habits can help maintain balance, but there are times when professional care is essential.

Reach out to a provider if you experience:

  • Persistent itching or burning

  • Pain during sex

  • Frequent yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis

  • Unusual bleeding

  • Strong odor that does not improve

  • Discharge that is different from your typical pattern

Your OB/GYN can diagnose the cause of your symptoms and provide appropriate treatment. Many issues can be resolved quickly with the proper care.

Final Thoughts: Supporting a Healthy Vaginal Microbiome

The vaginal microbiome is a complex yet delicate system that influences comfort, fertility, pregnancy, and overall well-being. While many things can disrupt it, simple everyday habits can go a long way in maintaining balance.

By choosing gentle products, paying attention to your body, managing stress, and receiving regular care, you can naturally and confidently support your vaginal health.

If you ever have questions or concerns about vaginal health, the team at Raleigh OB/GYN is here to guide you with compassion, expertise, and personalized care.

Women's Health

Women’s Health Resolutions Worth Making in the New Year

The start of a new year often brings fresh motivation to set goals and create positive changes. While resolutions often focus on career ambitions, fitness routines, or financial planning, the most effective goals are those that support your overall well-being. For women, prioritizing health in the new year can make a lasting difference not only physically but also emotionally and mentally.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, taking charge of your health is one of the most empowering things you can do. Whether you hope to improve your energy, balance hormones, boost fertility, or simply feel your best, setting realistic and meaningful resolutions can help you achieve your goals. Here are some women’s health resolutions worth considering this year, along with practical tips for putting them into action.

Schedule Your Annual Well-Woman Visit

One of the most important steps you can take for your health is to schedule your annual well-woman exam. This visit provides an opportunity to review your overall health, discuss any changes or concerns, and ensure that you are up to date on essential screenings.

A well-woman exam typically includes a pelvic exam, Pap test, breast exam, and review of your reproductive and sexual health. Depending on your age and medical history, your provider may also recommend additional screenings such as mammograms, bone density scans, or cholesterol tests.

These appointments are also a great time to talk with your provider about topics like menstrual changes, birth control options, fertility planning, or menopause management. By staying consistent with preventive care, you can detect potential health issues early and take steps to maintain long-term wellness.

Resolution tip: If you haven’t had your annual exam in the past year, schedule it now and set a reminder in your calendar so that it becomes a routine part of your healthcare.

Prioritize Mental and Emotional Health

Women often juggle many roles as caregivers, partners, employees, and friends. While caring for others is meaningful, it can also lead to stress and burnout if you do not make time for yourself. Prioritizing mental health is just as important as caring for your physical health.

Start by identifying stressors in your daily life and finding realistic ways to manage them. This might include practicing mindfulness, setting boundaries at work or home, or committing to activities that bring you joy. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and social support are also essential for emotional balance.

If you have been experiencing persistent anxiety, sadness, or feelings of overwhelm, consider consulting with your healthcare provider. They can help you explore options such as therapy, support groups, or other resources to improve your emotional well-being.

Resolution tip: Schedule at least one self-care activity each week that helps you recharge, such as reading, walking, or spending time with loved ones.

Make Nutrition a Priority

Healthy eating habits can have a powerful impact on how you feel and function every day. Nutrition plays a key role in hormone balance, energy levels, fertility, heart health, and disease prevention. Rather than focusing on restrictive diets, aim to make sustainable changes that support your overall health.

Try to include a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats in your meals. Reducing processed foods, refined sugars, and excess sodium can help improve your energy and mood. Staying hydrated is equally important, so make sure to drink enough water throughout the day.

Women of different life stages have unique nutritional needs. For example, women planning pregnancy should ensure they are getting adequate folic acid, while those approaching menopause may need more calcium and vitamin D for bone health.

Resolution tip: Instead of setting an extreme diet goal, focus on small, consistent habits, such as preparing healthy lunches during the week or adding one new vegetable to your grocery list each week.

Get Active in a Way You Enjoy

Exercise is one of the most effective ways to enhance both physical and emotional well-being. It supports cardiovascular health, strengthens bones and muscles, reduces stress, and boosts mood. The key is to find a form of movement that you enjoy so that it feels sustainable, not like a chore.

Whether it is walking, swimming, dancing, yoga, or strength training, regular physical activity helps regulate hormones and can even alleviate menstrual symptoms. The general recommendation is at least 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity each week, along with muscle-strengthening exercises two days a week.

If you are new to exercise, start slowly and gradually increase your activity level. Even small changes like taking the stairs instead of the elevator or going for a daily walk can add up over time.

Resolution tip: Choose an activity that feels fun and rewarding, and set realistic goals that fit your lifestyle.

Stay on Top of Screenings and Preventive Care

Health screenings are vital for early detection and prevention of serious conditions. The new year is a great time to review your screening schedule and make sure you are up to date.

Depending on your age and health history, your provider may recommend:

  • Pap test and HPV screening: To detect cervical cancer or precancerous changes.
  • Mammogram: To screen for breast cancer, typically starting between the ages of 40 and 50.
  • Bone density testing: Especially important for women after menopause.
  • Blood pressure and cholesterol checks: To monitor heart health.
  • Blood sugar testing: To screen for diabetes.
  • Colon cancer screening: Beginning at age 45, or earlier if you have risk factors.

Your provider can help tailor a screening plan that fits your unique health profile.

Resolution tip: Keep a record of your screenings and ask your provider when you should schedule your next tests.

Focus on Reproductive and Sexual Health

The new year is also a good time to review your reproductive and sexual health goals. If you are trying to conceive, consider scheduling a preconception visit to discuss fertility planning, prenatal vitamins, and any necessary lifestyle adjustments.

If you are not planning pregnancy, talk with your provider about birth control options that best suit your needs. Your preferences and health considerations may change over time, and there are many effective options available today.

Sexual health is another important part of overall well-being. If you have pain during intercourse, changes in libido, or concerns about infections, do not hesitate to discuss these with your provider. Open communication helps ensure that you receive the right care and feel comfortable in your own body.

Resolution tip: Review your reproductive health plan annually to ensure it remains aligned with your current goals and needs.

Get Enough Rest and Recovery

Sleep is often overlooked when it comes to achieving health goals, yet it has a significant impact on hormone regulation, mental clarity, immune function, and overall mood. Many women struggle with getting enough quality rest due to busy schedules or stress.

Aim for seven to nine hours of sleep per night. To improve your sleep quality, try establishing a consistent bedtime routine, limiting screen time before bed, and maintaining a cool and dark bedroom environment. Avoid caffeine late in the day and opt for gentle activities like reading or meditation before bedtime.

Resolution tip: Prioritize sleep by setting a regular bedtime and creating a relaxing nighttime ritual that helps signal to your body it is time to rest.

Support Your Heart Health

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, but it is also one of the most preventable conditions. Making heart health a priority in the new year can have lasting benefits for your overall wellness.

Focus on maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and not smoking. Managing stress and getting regular checkups can also reduce your risk.

Resolution tip: Schedule a heart health screening with your healthcare provider and discuss ways to maintain healthy blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.

Stay Hydrated and Limit Alcohol

Proper hydration supports digestion, maintains energy levels, promotes skin health, and regulates hormone function. Keep a reusable water bottle with you to make it easier to drink throughout the day.

Limiting alcohol can also improve your overall health and fertility. Try designating a few alcohol-free days each week or finding enjoyable non-alcoholic alternatives such as sparkling water with fruit.

Resolution tip: Set a hydration goal, such as drinking a glass of water with each meal, and track your progress.

Take Charge of Your Health

The most successful resolutions are the ones that focus on progress, not perfection. Taking small, consistent steps can lead to lasting change over time. The new year is a perfect opportunity to take charge of your health and make choices that empower you to feel your best.

At Raleigh OB/GYN Centre, our team is dedicated to helping women of all ages achieve optimal health through compassionate, personalized care. Whether you need a routine exam, help managing a specific condition, or support with family planning, we are here for you every step of the way.

Make this the year you prioritize your health. Schedule your annual visit today and start building healthy habits that last all year long.

Women's Health

Navigating the Holidays While Trying to Conceive

The holiday season can be one of the most joyful times of the year, filled with family gatherings, festive meals, and meaningful traditions. However, for individuals or couples who are trying to conceive, the holidays can also bring emotional challenges, difficult questions, and stress that may make this time feel less magical.

Balancing hope, expectations, and the realities of fertility struggles can be overwhelming, especially when surrounded by celebrations that often center on family and children. The good news is that there are ways to navigate this season with greater peace, self-compassion, and intention. Whether you are early in your fertility journey or have been trying for some time, the following strategies can help you care for both your emotional and physical well-being during the holidays.

Acknowledge How You Feel

One of the most important steps in managing the holidays while trying to conceive is allowing yourself to feel whatever emotions arise. You may experience sadness, frustration, jealousy, or even guilt about feeling those emotions during a time that is supposed to be joyful. All of these feelings are valid.

Trying to conceive can be an emotionally charged process, especially when you are surrounded by reminders of what you long for. Family gatherings may include pregnancy announcements or conversations about children that feel painful. Acknowledging your emotions and naming them, rather than suppressing them, can help you process them healthily.

If you have a partner, consider sharing your feelings openly with them. Fertility challenges can sometimes lead to miscommunication or emotional distance, so talking about how you each feel can strengthen your connection and remind you that you are in this together.

Set Realistic Expectations

You do not have to attend every party or event if it feels emotionally draining. Setting boundaries is an act of self-care, not selfishness. Permit yourself to say no to gatherings that may be too challenging, such as those with numerous young children or situations that might raise uncomfortable questions.

If you do choose to attend, plan. You might decide to leave early, take breaks when needed, or bring a supportive friend or your partner who understands your feelings.

It is also important to set realistic expectations for yourself when it comes to managing stress. The holidays often come with pressure to make everything perfect. Try to focus on what truly matters to you this season. This might mean simplifying your plans, prioritizing quiet time, or finding small ways to create joy.

Prepare for Uncomfortable Questions

One of the most stressful parts of the holidays for many couples trying to conceive is facing personal questions from well-meaning family or friends. Comments like “When are you two going to start a family?” or “Don’t wait too long!” can feel intrusive and painful.

It can help to prepare a few responses in advance so you are not caught off guard. Here are some examples:

  • “We’re taking things one step at a time.”
  • “That’s a personal topic, but thank you for understanding.”
  • “We’re focusing on enjoying the holidays right now.”

You can decide how much or how little to share, depending on your comfort level. Practicing these responses ahead of time can make it easier to handle questions calmly if they arise.

Focus on Connection and Support

The holidays are meant to bring people together, and this can be a time to lean on your support system. Spend time with people who make you feel safe and seen, whether that’s close friends, siblings, or others who understand what you’re going through.

If you have someone in your life who has experienced fertility challenges, consider reaching out to them for support or advice. Sometimes, connecting with others who have walked a similar path can be incredibly healing.

You might also consider joining a fertility support group, either online or in person. Many people find comfort in talking with others who truly understand the unique emotional ups and downs of trying to conceive.

Prioritize Your Physical Health

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is an important part of fertility care, but it can be especially challenging during the holidays. Between festive foods, busy schedules, and added stress, it can be easy to slip into habits that do not support your overall health.

You do not need to deprive yourself or feel guilty for enjoying the season. The key is balance. Try to:

  • Eat nourishing foods most of the time, while allowing yourself to enjoy your favorite holiday treats in moderation.
  • Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water, especially if you are consuming alcohol or caffeine.
  • Get enough rest, even if it means skipping a late-night event or two.
  • Stay active by walking, doing yoga, or finding small ways to move your body each day.

These small steps can help you manage stress, keep your energy levels up, and support your reproductive health.

Manage Stress with Intention

The stress of the holidays can take a toll on your body, and chronic stress can affect hormone balance and ovulation. While you cannot eliminate all stress, you can take steps to manage it intentionally.

Consider incorporating relaxation techniques into your daily routine, such as:

  • Deep breathing or meditation
  • Journaling your thoughts or gratitude
  • Listening to calming music or guided relaxation
  • Spending time outdoors in nature
  • Practicing mindfulness during simple activities like cooking or decorating

If you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, take a step back and focus on what brings you peace. Self-care is not a luxury; it is a necessity when you are trying to conceive.

Create New Traditions

If certain holiday traditions bring up difficult emotions, it may be time to start new ones that feel more positive. This can be empowering and can help shift your focus toward what brings you joy and meaning.

Some ideas include:

  • Planning a weekend getaway with your partner
  • Hosting a small dinner with close friends
  • Volunteering or giving back to your community
  • Starting a gratitude journal to reflect on positive moments each day

Creating new memories and experiences can help you reclaim the season and find comfort in traditions that align with your current stage of life.

Remember That Your Journey Is Unique

It can be easy to compare your journey to others, especially when social media is filled with pregnancy announcements or family photos. Remind yourself that every fertility journey is different, and your path is your own.

Try to avoid spending too much time scrolling through content that makes you feel discouraged. Instead, focus on what you can control, such as following your treatment plan, nurturing your relationship, and caring for your physical and emotional well-being.

It may also help to schedule a check-in with your provider before or after the holidays to review your fertility goals or discuss any questions you have. Having a clear plan in place can help you feel more grounded and confident as you move forward.

Practice Gratitude and Hope

Even during a challenging season, there are often moments of light and gratitude that can bring peace. You might feel thankful for your partner’s support, a kind friend, or even a moment of quiet reflection.

Practicing gratitude does not mean ignoring your pain or pretending everything is fine. It means recognizing that hope and difficulty can exist together. Small acts of gratitude can help reframe your mindset and provide emotional strength to carry you through this time.

When to Reach Out for Support

If the holidays feel especially difficult this year, know that you are not alone. It is perfectly okay to seek professional support if you need it. Speaking with a counselor who specializes in fertility issues can help you process your emotions and develop healthy coping strategies.

At Raleigh OB/GYN Centre, we understand that fertility journeys can be emotionally complex, particularly during times that emphasize family and togetherness. Our compassionate team is here to guide and support you through every step, offering fertility counseling, diagnostic testing, and personalized treatment options.

You deserve care that supports both your physical and emotional health, no matter where you are on your journey to parenthood.

Uncategorized

How Ovarian Cancer Is Diagnosed: What You Need to Know

As a leading Raleigh OBGYN practice, our commitment is to provide every woman with the knowledge and care she needs to protect her health. One of the most serious health concerns we address is ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is often called the “silent killer” because its symptoms are frequently vague, nonspecific, and easily mistaken for less serious conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or even natural changes that occur during aging or perimenopause. This difficulty in early detection is why understanding the diagnostic process is so crucial. Early detection can dramatically improve outcomes, making it vital for every woman to be aware of the symptoms and the steps involved in diagnosis.

This comprehensive guide will walk you through the entire process of how ovarian cancer is diagnosed, from initial symptom recognition and first office visits to advanced imaging and the definitive diagnosis provided by a biopsy.

Step 1: Recognizing and Reporting Symptoms

The first and most important step in the diagnostic process begins with you, the patient. While there is currently no routine, effective screening test for ovarian cancer in average-risk women, recognizing persistent, troubling symptoms is the key to prompt investigation.

The most common symptoms associated with ovarian cancer are often described as persistent and new, meaning they occur frequently (more than 12 times a month) and represent a distinct change from what is normal for you.

Key Symptoms to Discuss with Your OBGYN:

  • Bloating: Persistent abdominal swelling or bloating that does not go away.
  • Pelvic or Abdominal Pain: Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvis.
  • Difficulty Eating or Feeling Full Quickly (Early Satiety): Feeling full after eating only a small amount of food.
  • Urinary Symptoms: Needing to urinate more frequently or having an urgent need to urinate.

Other Potential Symptoms Include:

  • Fatigue (extreme tiredness)
  • Back pain
  • Upset stomach or indigestion
  • Constipation or other changes in bowel habits
  • Pain during sexual intercourse
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopause

If you experience these symptoms more than 12 times a month for a few weeks, scheduling an appointment with your Raleigh OBGYN is crucial. While less serious conditions often cause these symptoms, a thorough evaluation is necessary to rule out ovarian cancer.

Step 2: The Initial OBGYN Evaluation

When you visit our office with concerning symptoms, your doctor will begin with a thorough evaluation, which typically includes:

A. Comprehensive Personal and Family History

Your doctor will ask detailed questions about your symptoms, including when they started, how often they occur, and their severity. They will also review your personal medical history, including menstrual cycles, pregnancies, and past surgeries.

Crucially, they will take a detailed family history. Factors that can increase your risk of ovarian cancer include:

  • A personal or family history of breast, colon, or ovarian cancer.
  • Known inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, or those associated with Lynch syndrome.
  • Endometriosis.

If you are found to be at a high risk, your doctor may recommend more intensive surveillance, including regular transvaginal ultrasounds and CA-125 blood tests, though these are not used for general population screening.

B. The Physical and Pelvic Exam

A physical exam will be performed to check for any signs of disease, such as unexplained weight loss or a buildup of fluid in the abdomen (called ascites).

A pelvic exam is a standard part of the checkup. During this exam, your doctor carefully checks the size, shape, and consistency of your ovaries and uterus. While advanced ovarian tumors may sometimes be felt during a manual exam, most early ovarian tumors are too small to be detected this way. It is important to remember that a routine Pap test screens for cervical cancer and does not screen for ovarian cancer.

Step 3: Diagnostic Testing

If your symptoms, physical exam, or risk factors raise suspicion for ovarian cancer, your OBGYN will order specific diagnostic tests. These tests are usually used in combination.

A. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)

The transvaginal ultrasound is one of the most common first-line imaging tests used when an ovarian issue is suspected.

How it works: A small ultrasound probe is gently inserted into the vagina. This probe uses sound waves to create detailed images of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries on a screen.

What it shows: The TVUS helps the doctor visualize the ovaries. It can detect the presence of an ovarian mass (tumor or cyst) and help determine its characteristics:

  • Size: How large the mass is.
  • Structure: Whether it is a simple, fluid-filled cyst, a solid tumor, or a complex mass with both fluid and solid components.
  • Morphology: Whether there are worrisome features like solid areas or abnormal blood flow.

While a TVUS is excellent at finding ovarian masses, it cannot definitively determine if a mass is cancerous or benign. Most masses found are, in fact, benign cysts. However, features suggestive of malignancy will prompt further investigation.

B. The CA-125 Blood Test

CA-125 is a protein (a tumor marker) found in the blood that is often elevated in women with epithelial ovarian cancer.

How it works: A blood sample is taken and analyzed to measure the level of the CA-125 protein. Levels below 35 units per milliliter (U/mL) are generally considered normal.

What it shows and its limitations:

  • Elevated Levels: High levels can suggest the presence of ovarian cancer, especially in postmenopausal women with a pelvic mass.
  • False Positives: The level of CA-125 can also be elevated by many common, benign conditions, including menstruation, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and even pregnancy. Therefore, a high CA-125 level alone does not diagnose ovarian cancer.
  • False Negatives: Conversely, not all women with ovarian cancer have a high CA-125 level, particularly in the early stages (up to 50% of early-stage cancers do not show an elevation).

Due to these limitations, the CA-125 test is primarily used in conjunction with imaging tests to help assess a suspicious mass, and it is also widely used to monitor treatment effectiveness or check for recurrence after a cancer diagnosis.

C. Other Imaging Tests

If the TVUS and CA-125 test results are highly concerning, or if your doctor needs to check for the spread of disease, additional imaging tests may be ordered:

  • CT Scan (Computed Tomography): This X-ray test creates detailed cross-sectional images of the entire body. It is often used to visualize larger tumors, check for signs of cancer spread to other organs (like the liver), and detect fluid buildup (ascites).
  • MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This uses strong magnets and radio waves to create more detailed images, and is sometimes used to evaluate a pelvic mass further or check for distant spread.

Step 4: The Definitive Diagnosis: Biopsy

The tests described above can only suggest the presence of ovarian cancer. The only way to definitively diagnose ovarian cancer and determine its specific type is through a biopsy, which involves obtaining tissue or cells for examination by a pathologist.

In the case of ovarian cancer, a biopsy is often obtained during surgery, as a needle biopsy on a suspicious ovarian mass is generally avoided due to the potential risk of spreading cancer cells if the mass is malignant.

Biopsy Procedures:

  • Surgical Biopsy (Laparotomy or Laparoscopy): This is the most common method. If imaging and blood tests strongly suggest cancer, you will likely be referred to a Gynecologic Oncologist, a specialist in female reproductive cancers. The surgeon removes the suspicious mass and surrounding tissues during surgery (either a large incision or a minimally invasive laparoscopy). A pathologist immediately analyzes a sample while the patient is still in surgery (a “frozen section”). If cancer is confirmed, the surgeon proceeds with the full cancer staging and removal procedure (debulking). Seeking care from a gynecologic oncologist is strongly recommended, as studies show patients treated by these specialists often experience improved outcomes.
  • Needle Biopsy (Rare): In some cases, such as when cancer has spread to another area (a metastasis), or if a patient has significant health issues that prevent immediate surgery, a radiologist may use a CT or ultrasound to guide a needle into the tumor to obtain a sample.
  • Paracentesis: If there is a large amount of ascites (fluid in the abdomen), a procedure called paracentesis may be performed to draw off the fluid, which is then analyzed for cancer cells.

Conclusion

The diagnostic journey for ovarian cancer involves several critical steps, starting with your awareness of subtle but persistent symptoms. At Raleigh OBGYN, we emphasize the importance of open communication about any new or troubling physical changes.

We are here to provide comprehensive care and guide you through every step, from initial evaluation and advanced testing to referring you to the most skilled specialists, if necessary. If you have concerns about your risk factors or are experiencing any persistent symptoms mentioned, do not hesitate to schedule an appointment with us. Taking proactive steps for your health is the most important thing you can do.

Pregnancy

What to Pack in Your Hospital Bag for Labor and Delivery

Preparing for your baby’s arrival is one of the most exciting times in life, but it can also feel overwhelming. Between setting up the nursery, attending appointments, and finalizing your birth plan, packing your hospital bag might fall to the bottom of the list. Still, having a well-packed bag ready to go can make a big difference when the big day arrives.

Whether you are delivering at a hospital or a birth center, knowing what to bring can help you feel more comfortable and confident throughout labor, delivery, and recovery. Below, the Raleigh OB/GYN team shares a comprehensive guide on what to pack for yourself, your baby, and your support person, as well as a few tips on when to start preparing your bag.

When Should You Pack Your Hospital Bag?

Every pregnancy is different, but it is a good idea to start preparing your hospital bag around 34 to 36 weeks. Having it ready by 37 weeks ensures that you are prepared in case your baby decides to arrive earlier than expected.

You might also consider keeping your bag in an easy-to-access place, such as near your front door or already packed in your car. If you live far from the hospital or have a planned induction or cesarean birth, having your bag organized ahead of time can help reduce last-minute stress.

What to Pack for Yourself

Labor and delivery can be physically and emotionally intense, so it helps to have items that make you feel as comfortable and supported as possible. Here are some essentials to include for yourself:

1. Important Documents

Keep these items together in a folder or envelope that you can quickly grab on your way out the door:

  • Photo ID (such as a driver’s license)
  • Insurance card
  • Hospital registration forms
  • Birth plan (if you have one)

Having these ready will make the check-in process smoother, allowing you to focus on what matters most.

2. Comfortable Clothing

While hospitals typically provide a gown, many parents prefer bringing their own items for added comfort. Consider packing:

  • A loose, soft gown or nursing-friendly nightshirt
  • A lightweight robe
  • Warm socks or non-slip slippers
  • A comfortable outfit to wear home (think loose-fitting joggers or maternity leggings and a roomy top)

You will also want to pack plenty of comfortable underwear. The hospital may provide mesh underwear, but many find it helpful to bring high-waisted or disposable underwear for postpartum bleeding.

3. Toiletries and Personal Care Items

After delivery, a shower can make you feel refreshed and more like yourself. Bring travel-sized versions of your essentials, such as:

  • Toothbrush and toothpaste
  • Hairbrush or comb
  • Shampoo and conditioner
  • Body wash or soap
  • Deodorant
  • Lip balm (hospital air can be dry)
  • Hair ties or headbands
  • Lotion or facial moisturizer

If you wear contact lenses or glasses, bring both along just in case. A small mirror and minimal makeup can also help you feel more comfortable for postpartum photos or visits.

4. Labor Comfort Items

Labor can last for many hours, so having comfort tools on hand can help you stay relaxed and focused. Pack:

  • A water bottle with a straw for easy sipping
  • Snacks that are easy to eat and not messy (if your provider allows them during labor)
  • A small blanket or pillow from home for extra comfort
  • Lip balm and breath mints
  • A stress ball or massage roller
  • Music playlist or relaxation app with headphones
  • Warm socks or slippers

Some people also bring essential oils or a heating pad if they find those comforting, but always check hospital policy before bringing plug-in devices.

5. Electronics and Chargers

In today’s digital age, your phone will likely be your main way to communicate and capture memories. Be sure to pack:

  • Phone and charger (a long charging cable is especially useful)
  • Camera or video camera if desired
  • Portable charger or power bank
  • Tablet or e-reader for downtime

It can also be helpful to download a few playlists, meditation tracks, or movies ahead of time since hospital Wi-Fi may not always be reliable.

6. Postpartum Essentials

After birth, you will spend time recovering and learning to care for your baby. Some useful items to include are:

  • Nursing bras or tanks
  • Nipple cream and breast pads
  • Peri bottle (some hospitals provide these)
  • Heavy-flow maternity pads or adult diapers
  • Comfortable slippers or flip-flops for walking around
  • A going-home outfit that is soft and loose

Comfort is key during this stage. Choose breathable fabrics and items that make you feel supported but not restricted.

What to Pack for Baby

Hospitals typically provide many of the essentials for your newborn, including diapers, wipes, swaddle blankets, and a hat. Still, there are a few personal items you will want to bring for your baby’s first days.

1. Going-Home Outfit

Pack one or two soft, comfortable outfits in newborn and 0-3 month sizes. Babies come in all sizes, so having options ensures you are prepared either way. Include a hat and socks if the weather is cool.

2. Blanket

Bring a lightweight blanket for the ride home or for photos. Many parents also bring a special swaddle or blanket for keepsake pictures.

3. Car Seat

This is one of the most important items. The hospital will not let you leave without an approved, properly installed infant car seat. Make sure the seat is installed before your due date and that you know how to adjust the straps for your newborn.

4. Baby Mittens and Socks

Newborns can scratch themselves easily, so mittens and soft socks can help protect their delicate skin.

5. Pediatrician Contact Information

You will need to provide your baby’s doctor’s information before discharge, so keep their name and contact details handy.

What Your Support Person Should Pack

Your partner or support person will also be spending a significant amount of time in the hospital. Encouraging them to bring their own small bag can help make their experience more comfortable. Suggested items include:

  • Comfortable clothes and a sweatshirt
  • Toiletries and deodorant
  • Snacks and drinks
  • A pillow and blanket (some hospitals provide them, but extras can make rest easier)
  • Phone, charger, and entertainment
  • A list of people to contact once the baby arrives

These items ensure that your support person is well-prepared to be present, rested, and focused on you and the baby.

Optional Comforts and Extras

Once you have packed the essentials, you might also consider a few extras that can help make your stay more pleasant:

  • A nursing pillow to help with feeding
  • A small fan if you tend to get warm
  • A few favorite snacks or beverages for after delivery
  • A small gift or card for nurses as a thank-you gesture

While these items are not required, they can help make your hospital stay feel a bit more like home.

What Not to Bring

Hospitals are usually secure, but it is still best to leave valuables at home. Avoid bringing expensive jewelry, large amounts of cash, or unnecessary electronics. Since most hospitals provide these items, you also do not need to bring diapers, wipes, or bottles.

Keep your packing list focused on comfort and convenience. If you forget something, do not worry. Your support person can always bring it later, and most hospitals have gift shops or nearby stores for small necessities.

Final Tips

  • Double-check with your hospital: Some facilities provide more amenities than others, so ask during your prenatal visits what is already available.
  • Label your bags: It helps staff or your partner find things easily.
  • Pack for a short stay but plan for flexibility: Most people spend one to two nights in the hospital after a vaginal delivery or up to three to four nights after a cesarean birth.

Packing your hospital bag is one of the final steps before welcoming your baby, and having it ready can help you feel calm and confident when the time comes. Remember, it is less about packing perfectly and more about bringing what will make you feel most supported and at ease.

If you have any questions about what to expect during labor and delivery or need guidance as you prepare for your baby’s arrival, the Raleigh OB/GYN team is here to help. Please contact our office to speak with our staff or schedule your next prenatal visit.

Pregnancy

Flu Shots & Pregnancy: What You Need to Know This Fall

Fall in North Carolina brings crisp mornings, pumpkin-filled porches, and the excitement of the holiday season. Unfortunately, it also signals the arrival of flu season. Between November and March, influenza cases peak, putting expectant mothers and their families at higher risk of illness.

If you are pregnant during flu season, you may be wondering if the flu shot is safe and whether it is really necessary. The short answer is yes. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) strongly recommend that all pregnant women receive the flu vaccine, regardless of trimester.

In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about flu shots and pregnancy, including safety, timing, benefits for both you and your baby, and what to do if you get sick despite vaccination.

Is the Flu Shot Safe During Pregnancy?

Yes, the flu shot is safe at any point in pregnancy. The vaccine is made from an inactivated (non-live) form of the influenza virus, which means it cannot give you the flu. This makes it a safe and effective option for protecting both mother and baby.

You should avoid the FluMist nasal spray vaccine, which contains a weakened live virus. While safe for the general population, it is not recommended during pregnancy.

Why Pregnant Women Are at Higher Risk

Pregnancy changes your immune system, heart, and lungs. These natural shifts help support your growing baby, but they also make you more vulnerable to complications from respiratory illnesses like the flu.

If a pregnant woman contracts influenza, she is more likely to experience:

  • Severe illness requiring hospitalization 
  • Pneumonia or bronchitis 
  • Dehydration from fever or vomiting 
  • Preterm labor or delivery complications 

In some cases, the flu can also affect fetal development. A high fever in early pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects. Protecting yourself with the flu shot helps lower these risks.

Benefits for Your Baby

One of the most powerful reasons to get the flu vaccine while pregnant is that it protects your baby even after birth.

  • Placental antibody transfer: The antibodies your body makes after vaccination cross the placenta, giving your baby passive immunity before birth. 
  • Breastfeeding benefits: If you breastfeed, you pass additional antibodies through your milk, extending protection in the first months of life. 
  • Bridging the gap: Babies cannot receive their own flu vaccine until six months old, which leaves them vulnerable during their earliest months. Maternal vaccination fills that gap. 

Research shows that babies whose mothers received the flu vaccine during pregnancy are less likely to be hospitalized with influenza in their first year.

When Is the Best Time to Get the Flu Shot?

The CDC recommends that everyone six months and older get a flu vaccine each year, ideally by the end of October. For pregnant women, the timing is flexible — you can safely get the shot in any trimester.

  • Early fall (September–October): Best for getting protection before peak flu season. 
  • Later in pregnancy: Still beneficial, even if you are close to your due date. Your baby will still receive antibodies. 

If you miss the early fall window, it is not too late. Flu season often continues into spring, and vaccination remains valuable throughout.

What If You Still Get the Flu While Pregnant?

The flu shot is highly effective at preventing illness, but it is not perfect. Some women may still contract the flu, though symptoms are often milder and complications less severe if vaccinated.

If you develop symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, or body aches, contact your OB/GYN right away. Prompt treatment is especially important during pregnancy.

Your provider may prescribe an antiviral medication such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Antivirals work best within 48 hours of symptom onset and can reduce the severity and duration of illness.

Important: Do not try to self-treat with over-the-counter medications before checking with your OB/GYN. Many cold and flu remedies contain ingredients that may not be safe during pregnancy.

Additional Ways to Protect Yourself During Flu Season

In addition to getting the flu shot, there are simple steps you can take to lower your risk of illness:

  • Wash your hands often with soap and water. 
  • Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick. 
  • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces in your home and workplace. 
  • Prioritize rest, hydration, and nutrition to keep your immune system strong. 
  • Encourage household members and caregivers to get vaccinated. 

When your partner, children, and coworkers are also vaccinated, it creates a protective barrier around you and your baby.

Common Concerns About the Flu Shot and Pregnancy

Will the flu shot make me sick?

No. The inactivated flu vaccine does not cause influenza. Some women may experience mild side effects such as soreness at the injection site, low-grade fever, or muscle aches, but these usually resolve within a day or two.

Can I get the flu shot if I have allergies?

Most women with mild egg allergies can safely receive the flu vaccine. If you have a history of severe allergic reactions, talk with your provider about your options.

Is it safe if I am breastfeeding?

Yes. The flu vaccine is safe while breastfeeding and provides an added layer of protection for your baby through antibody transfer.

Why Flu Shots Matter More in a Post-Pandemic World

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers have emphasized the importance of vaccination to prevent overlapping respiratory illnesses. Contracting both the flu and COVID-19 at the same time can be especially dangerous during pregnancy.

Getting the flu shot is one way to reduce strain on your immune system and prevent severe outcomes. Some providers may also recommend staying current on COVID-19 boosters alongside your flu shot for maximum protection.

Where to Get Your Flu Shot in Raleigh

You can request your flu vaccine at your next prenatal appointment with Raleigh OB/GYN for convenience. Many pharmacies and clinics also offer flu shots, but receiving it through your OB/GYN ensures it is documented in your prenatal records and any questions can be addressed on the spot.

The earlier in the season you get vaccinated, the more protected you and your baby will be.

Final Thoughts

Pregnancy is an exciting journey, and protecting your health is one of the best gifts you can give your baby. The flu shot is a safe and effective way to reduce your risk of serious illness while providing your newborn with early immunity.

This fall, talk with your Raleigh OB/GYN provider about getting vaccinated and encourage those around you to do the same. Together, these steps create a healthy, supportive environment for both you and your growing family.

Uncategorized, Women's Health

Your Guide to Breast Health in Raleigh

Why Breast Health Matters

Breast health is an important part of overall wellness for women of all ages. Whether you are scheduling your first mammogram, learning how to perform self-exams, or navigating changes in your body, understanding breast health can give you confidence and peace of mind.

October is recognized as Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to education, prevention, and support for those affected by breast cancer. For women in Raleigh, this month is also an opportunity to focus on proactive steps for breast health. At Raleigh OB/GYN, our team is here to guide you through preventive care, screenings, and resources to help you protect your health year-round.

Breast Health Basics: What Every Woman Should Know

Understanding Breast Anatomy

The breast comprises glandular tissue, ducts, fat, connective tissue, and lymph nodes. Being familiar with the natural look and feel of your breasts helps you detect changes early. Some changes are normal, like tenderness before a menstrual cycle, but others may signal the need for a medical evaluation.

Normal Changes Across the Lifespan

  • Adolescence: Breast tissue develops, and hormonal changes may cause temporary lumps or tenderness. 
  • Reproductive years: Monthly hormonal fluctuations may cause swelling, tenderness, or cysts. 
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Breasts enlarge, milk ducts develop, and temporary conditions like clogged ducts may occur. 
  • Perimenopause and menopause: Breasts may lose density, and hormonal shifts can cause tissue changes. 

Knowing what to expect makes it easier to recognize when something feels unusual.

The Role of Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Each October, Breast Cancer Awareness Month brings global attention to the importance of early detection, education, and research. For women in Raleigh, this awareness campaign serves as a reminder to schedule screenings, learn about risk factors, and support friends or family members impacted by breast cancer.

During October, you’ll often see pink ribbons, charity walks, and community events throughout Raleigh. These efforts highlight a simple but powerful message: early detection saves lives.

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

While breast cancer can affect any woman, certain risk factors may increase the likelihood:

  • Age: Risk rises as you get older. 
  • Family history: Having a close relative with breast or ovarian cancer may increase your risk. 
  • Genetics: Inherited mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2 play a role. 
  • Hormonal exposure: Early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone therapy can affect risk. 
  • Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and lack of physical activity may contribute. 

Even if you have risk factors, healthy lifestyle choices and regular screenings can make a significant difference in early detection and outcomes.

How to Perform a Breast Self-Exam

Self-exams are a simple way to stay aware of changes in your breast tissue between professional screenings. Here’s a quick guide:

  1. Look in the mirror. Check for changes in size, shape, or skin texture. 
  2. Raise your arms. Look for changes in contour or dimpling. 
  3. Feel while standing. Use the pads of your fingers to move in a circular pattern, covering the entire breast and armpit area. 
  4. Repeat while lying down. This position spreads breast tissue evenly and may make it easier to detect lumps.

If you notice a lump, discharge, or skin change, schedule an appointment with your provider. Most changes are benign, but they should always be evaluated.

Clinical Screenings and Mammograms in Raleigh

Clinical Breast Exams

During your annual well-woman visit, your OB/GYN may perform a breast exam. This quick check helps identify any lumps or changes that need further evaluation.

Mammograms

A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that detects tumors too small to be felt. Guidelines vary, but many women begin annual or biennial mammograms between ages 40 and 50. Your provider will recommend a schedule based on your personal and family history.

Advanced Screening Options

For women with a higher risk of breast cancer, additional screening methods such as breast MRI or ultrasound may be recommended.

Lifestyle Tips for Breast Health

Maintaining healthy habits can reduce your risk of breast cancer and improve your overall wellness:

  • Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week. 
  • Eat a balanced diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. 
  • Limit alcohol: Even small amounts of alcohol can increase breast cancer risk. 
  • Avoid smoking: Tobacco use has been linked to higher breast cancer rates. 
  • Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity, particularly after menopause, increases risk. 

Breast Health Resources in Raleigh

Living in Raleigh means having access to excellent medical care, support groups, and community events:

  • Local hospitals and imaging centers offer mammography and diagnostic services. 
  • Community events during Breast Cancer Awareness Month provide opportunities to learn, volunteer, or donate. 
  • Support groups connect women who are navigating a diagnosis or recovery. 

When to See Your OB/GYN

If you notice any of the following, schedule an appointment with Raleigh OB/GYN promptly:

  • A new lump or thickened area in the breast or underarm 
  • Persistent pain or tenderness not related to your cycle 
  • Nipple changes, discharge, or inversion 
  • Skin changes such as dimpling, redness, or scaliness

Your OB/GYN will determine whether additional imaging, testing, or referrals are needed.

Supporting Breast Cancer Awareness in Raleigh

In addition to focusing on your own health, Breast Cancer Awareness Month is a chance to give back. Consider:

  • Participating in local charity walks or fundraising events 
  • Wearing pink to show solidarity 
  • Donating to breast cancer research or support organizations 
  • Encouraging friends and family to schedule their screenings 

Small actions build a stronger community of support and awareness.

Conclusion: Prioritizing Your Breast Health

Breast health is a lifelong commitment; preventive care is your best tool. You can take control of your breast health journey by staying aware of changes, scheduling regular screenings, and adopting healthy habits.

This October, let Breast Cancer Awareness Month inspire you to book your next mammogram, talk to your provider about your risk factors, and encourage loved ones to do the same. Raleigh OB/GYN is here to provide compassionate care and guidance for every stage of life.

Child Birth, Pregnancy

Third Trimester Checklist: What to Prep Before Baby Arrives

You’ve made it to the home stretch! The third trimester, weeks 28 through delivery, is an exciting, emotional, and sometimes overwhelming. As your due date approaches, it’s common to feel like there’s a lot to do and not enough time. That’s where a third-trimester checklist can help. With some planning and preparation, you can enter labor feeling more confident, organized, and ready to welcome your little one into the world.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, our goal is to support you every step of the way. Here’s a comprehensive checklist to help guide your third trimester and prepare for baby’s arrival.

1. Finalize Your Birth Plan

While labor and delivery don’t always go according to plan, writing a birth plan can help you think through your preferences and communicate them clearly to your care team. Consider:

  • Pain relief preferences (epidural, natural, nitrous oxide, etc.) 
  • Who you want in the room with you 
  • Preferences for labor positions, lighting, and music 
  • Preferences for immediate skin-to-skin contact 
  • Delayed cord clamping 
  • Feeding plans (breastfeeding, formula, both) 

Bring a copy to your next appointment and discuss your wishes with your OB provider. Flexibility is key, but having a plan can help you feel more prepared.

2. Take a Hospital Tour (or Virtual Tour)

Knowing what to expect at the hospital can ease anxiety and help you feel more in control. Many hospitals offer in-person or virtual tours of their labor and delivery units. During the tour, you’ll learn:

  • Where to check in 
  • What items are provided 
  • What amenities are available 
  • Visitor policies 
  • Parking details 

You can also ask about what you’ll need to bring and what is already provided by the hospital.

3. Pack Your Hospital Bag

You don’t want to be scrambling to pack during contractions. A well-stocked hospital bag should include:

For Mom:

  • Comfortable clothes or nursing gown 
  • Maternity bra and nursing pads 
  • Toiletries (toothbrush, lip balm, hairbrush, etc.) 
  • Phone charger 
  • Snacks and a water bottle 
  • ID and insurance card 

For Baby:

  • Going-home outfit 
  • Swaddle blanket 
  • Diapers and wipes (though many are provided by the hospital) 
  • Pediatrician contact information 

For Partner:

  • Change of clothes 
  • Toiletries 
  • Snacks or drinks 
  • Camera or phone for photos 

4. Prep the Nursery

Now’s the time to ensure your baby’s safe and ready sleeping space. Your nursery doesn’t have to be Pinterest-perfect- it just needs to be functional and cozy. Focus on:

  • A safe sleep space (crib or bassinet that meets current safety standards) 
  • Clean bedding (fitted sheets only, no blankets or toys) 
  • Diapers, wipes, and a changing station 
  • A diaper pail 
  • Clothing basics: onesies, sleepers, socks, and hats 
  • Nightlight for late-night feedings 

Pro tip: Set up a nursing or feeding station with a comfortable chair, burp cloths, and water for you.

5. Install the Car Seat

One of the most essential third-trimester to-dos is installing your infant car seat. You won’t be able to leave the hospital without one properly installed. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions, or attend a car seat safety check near you. Many fire stations and hospitals offer free inspections.

Remember: infants should be rear-facing in the back seat.

6. Wash Baby Clothes and Gear

Your baby’s brand-new skin is extra sensitive. It’s a good idea to wash all clothing, bedding, and even soft toys in a gentle, fragrance-free detergent before use. Focus on:

  • Clothes in newborn and 0–3 month sizes 
  • Swaddles and blankets 
  • Bibs and burp cloths 
  • Washable car seat and stroller covers 

7. Take Prenatal Classes

Whether it’s your first or fourth baby, a refresher on childbirth and newborn care can help you feel more prepared. Look into:

  • Childbirth education 
  • Breastfeeding basics 
  • Infant CPR and safety 
  • Newborn care and soothing techniques 
  • Postpartum recovery 

These classes are often available through your hospital, community center, or online. Your Raleigh OB/GYN provider can also help connect you with resources.

8. Line Up Support

Preparing emotionally and mentally is just as important as preparing physically. Reach out to friends, family, or a postpartum doula for support after the baby arrives. Think through:

  • Who can help with meals, cleaning, or errands 
  • Who will be your emergency contact 
  • Who will watch older children or pets during labor 
  • Who can you talk to if you feel overwhelmed or anxious 

9. Prep for Postpartum

While much of the focus is on the baby, your recovery matters too. Stock up on supplies you’ll need for healing at home, including:

  • Pads or adult diapers 
  • Witch hazel pads or spray 
  • Peri bottle 
  • Epsom salt for sitz baths 
  • Nursing pads and nipple balm (if breastfeeding) 
  • Comfortable postpartum clothing 

Setting up a little station in your bathroom with these items is also helpful so everything is easily accessible.

10. Freeze Meals and Stock the Pantry

Cooking becomes a challenge with a newborn. Make things easier on yourself by:

  • Preparing and freezing meals in advance 
  • Stocking up on easy snacks (protein bars, trail mix, fruit) 
  • Making a list of takeout spots or meal delivery services 
  • Plenty of paper products (paper towels, toilet paper, etc.) 

Even better: ask family and friends to contribute to a meal train after the baby arrives!

11. Review Your Maternity Leave and Benefits

Take time to finalize your plans with work and understand your benefits. Be sure to:

  • Confirm your maternity leave start date 
  • Review FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) eligibility 
  • Understand your insurance coverage for delivery and baby care 
  • Look into adding your baby to your insurance plan after birth 

12. Attend All Prenatal Appointments

During your third trimester, your provider will want to see you more frequently, usually every two weeks, then weekly starting at 36 weeks. These appointments are important for monitoring your baby’s growth and your overall health.

You may also receive Group B Strep testing between weeks 35–37 and discuss scheduling an induction if needed.

13. Rest and Practice Self-Care

Your body is working hard. Don’t forget to:

  • Get plenty of rest 
  • Stay hydrated 
  • Stretch or take walks if you’re able 
  • Try prenatal yoga or meditation 
  • Take naps when needed 

Remember, it’s okay to slow down. Listen to your body and take breaks.

14. Know the Signs of Labor

Finally, familiarize yourself with signs that labor may be starting:

  • Regular, intensifying contractions 
  • Water breaking (a gush or trickle of fluid) 
  • Low back pain or pelvic pressure 
  • Bloody show (mucus tinged with blood) 

Don’t hesitate to call your provider if you think you’re in labor or if you feel something isn’t right.

Final Thoughts

The third trimester is a time of anticipation, preparation, and big emotions. While the checklist may seem long, take it one step at a time, and remember, you don’t have to do everything perfectly. Most importantly, you feel as ready and supported as possible when it’s time to meet your baby.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, we’re honored to walk you through this journey. Please contact our team if you have any questions or need help preparing for labor and delivery. We’re here for you every step of the way.

Ready to schedule your next appointment? Contact us today, we’re here to support you through every trimester and beyond.

Ovarian Cancer

What Are the Early Signs of Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is often called a “silent” disease; not because it lacks symptoms, but because those symptoms can be vague, subtle, and easy to dismiss. Many people don’t realize anything is wrong until the cancer has progressed to a later stage. That’s why understanding the early signs of ovarian cancer is so important. At Raleigh OB/GYN, we believe education is one of the most powerful tools in protecting your health.

In this blog, we’ll walk you through what ovarian cancer is, who is at risk, and most importantly, what early signs you should be looking out for.

What Is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the small, almond-shaped organs on either side of the uterus that produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. There are several types of ovarian cancer, but the most common is epithelial ovarian cancer, which begins in the tissue that covers the ovary.

According to the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer deaths among people with female reproductive organs. However, it has a much higher treatment success rate when caught early. Unfortunately, only about 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage.

Why Is Early Detection So Difficult?

The ovaries are located deep within the pelvis, making it harder to detect abnormalities during a routine physical exam. Additionally, early ovarian cancer symptoms are often mild and easily mistaken for common digestive or menstrual issues.

That’s why it’s essential to recognize when your body is sending you signals—and to advocate for yourself when something feels off.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Here are the most common early warning signs of ovarian cancer. While these symptoms can also occur with other, less severe conditions, it’s essential to take note if they are persistent, frequent, or worsening over time.

1. Abdominal Bloating or Swelling

Persistent bloating that doesn’t go away—even after changing your diet or taking over-the-counter remedies—can be an early indicator. You may notice your clothes fitting tighter around the waist or a feeling of fullness that comes quickly after eating.

2. Pelvic or Abdominal Pain

Unexplained pain in your lower abdomen or pelvic region that lasts more than a few weeks should not be ignored. This could feel like pressure, aching, or even sharp discomfort.

3. Changes in Appetite or Feeling Full Quickly

People with ovarian cancer often report a decreased appetite or a sensation of fullness after eating only a small amount. If you notice sudden changes in your eating habits that persist, it’s time to check in with your healthcare provider.

4. Urinary Urgency or Frequency

Are you suddenly running to the bathroom more often than usual or feeling an increased urgency to go—even if your fluid intake hasn’t changed? These urinary symptoms can be a subtle sign of pressure from a growing ovarian mass.

5. Unexplained Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom of many health conditions, but if you’re feeling chronically tired without a clear reason (like stress or poor sleep), it may signal something more serious.

6. Changes in Bowel Habits

Constipation, diarrhea, or changes in stool consistency can sometimes be linked to ovarian cancer, especially when paired with other symptoms like bloating or pain.

7. Menstrual Irregularities

Although less common, changes in your menstrual cycle—such as heavier bleeding or irregular periods—can sometimes be an early indicator, particularly in younger women.

8. Unexplained Weight Loss or Gain

Losing weight without trying—or gaining weight, especially around the abdomen—could point to internal changes such as fluid buildup (ascites) associated with ovarian cancer.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You know your body better than anyone. If you experience any of the above symptoms more than 12 times in a month, it’s time to talk to your OB/GYN.

Be specific with your doctor, track your symptoms, note how long they’ve lasted, how often they occur, and whether they are getting worse. This information can be extremely helpful in guiding the diagnostic process.

Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer

While ovarian cancer can occur in anyone with ovaries, some factors may increase your risk:

  • Age: Most cases occur in women over age 50.

  • Family History: A history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer in your family increases your risk.

  • Genetic Mutations: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are linked to a significantly higher chance of developing ovarian cancer.

  • Endometriosis

  • Never Having Been Pregnant

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), particularly if used long-term

If you have any of these risk factors, you must be vigilant about symptom tracking and routine health checks.

Is There a Screening Test for Ovarian Cancer?

Unlike breast or cervical cancer, there is currently no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer in people without symptoms. A Pap smear does not detect ovarian cancer.

However, if ovarian cancer is suspected, your doctor may order:

  • A pelvic exam

  • Transvaginal ultrasound

  • CA-125 blood test

  • CT scan or MRI

  • Genetic testing (especially if you have a family history)

These tools can help detect abnormalities, but they’re usually used after symptoms appear, which is why recognizing early signs is so important.

How Ovarian Cancer Is Treated

Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the type, stage, and whether it has spread. Standard treatment options include:

  • Surgery to remove the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, or surrounding tissue

  • Chemotherapy to kill remaining cancer cells

  • Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in some cases

  • Radiation, though it’s less commonly used

When detected early, the 5-year survival rate is over 90%. That’s why timely diagnosis and treatment are key.

Tips for Protecting Your Ovarian Health

While not all cases of ovarian cancer can be prevented, here are some steps that may reduce your risk:

  • Know your family history and talk to your doctor about genetic testing if necessary.

  • Use oral contraceptives (birth control pills), which have been shown to lower ovarian cancer risk when used long-term.

  • Maintain a healthy weight and diet.

  • Don’t ignore symptoms, especially if they’re persistent or unusual for you.

  • Schedule regular visits with your OB/GYN for routine exams and open dialogue about your health.

Final Thoughts

Ovarian cancer may be hard to detect early, but that doesn’t mean it’s impossible. Paying attention to subtle symptoms and understanding your personal risk factors can make a meaningful difference.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, we’re committed to empowering our patients with the knowledge they need to advocate for their health. If you’ve noticed any of the symptoms mentioned above or have concerns about your risk for ovarian cancer, don’t wait. Schedule an appointment with our team today.

Together, we can take proactive steps toward early detection and better outcomes. Do you need to talk to a provider? We’re here for you. Call Raleigh OB/GYN at 919.876.8225 or schedule your visit today.

Women's Health

How Stress Affects Women’s Hormonal Health

Everyone experiences stress at different points in life. While a certain amount of stress is normal and can even be helpful in small doses, chronic or high levels of stress can significantly damage the body. For women, one of the most sensitive systems affected by stress is the hormonal system. Hormones regulate many important functions, including menstruation, fertility, mood, metabolism, and overall well-being.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, we understand the important link between stress and women’s hormonal health. This blog will explore how stress impacts hormones, the symptoms you may notice, and ways to support your body for better hormonal balance.

Understanding Hormones and Their Role in Women’s Health

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and help regulate processes throughout the body. Key hormones in women include estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, thyroid hormones, and others that control reproductive cycles, metabolism, and stress responses.

The endocrine system, which produces and regulates hormones, is closely connected to the nervous system. This connection means that emotional or physical stress can directly influence hormone production and balance.

How Stress Influences Hormonal Health

When you experience stress, your body reacts by activating the “fight or flight” response. This triggers the release of stress hormones, mainly cortisol and adrenaline, from the adrenal glands. These hormones prepare your body to respond to immediate threats by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.

While this reaction is helpful in short bursts, chronic stress leads to prolonged high levels of cortisol. Elevated cortisol can disrupt the normal functioning of other hormones, leading to hormonal imbalances that affect various aspects of women’s health.

1. Impact on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

The HPA axis is a key part of the brain that controls stress response and hormone production. When stress is constant, the HPA axis becomes overworked. This can interfere with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland’s ability to regulate reproductive hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. The result can be irregular menstrual cycles or missed periods.

2. Effects on the Menstrual Cycle

Stress can cause changes in the timing and flow of your menstrual cycle. You may notice delayed periods, lighter or heavier bleeding, or skipped cycles altogether. This happens because high cortisol can suppress the hormones that trigger ovulation.

Women under chronic stress may experience anovulation, a condition where the ovaries do not release an egg. This can affect fertility and make it harder to conceive.

3. Influence on Thyroid Function

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy, and mood. Stress affects the thyroid by altering the balance of thyroid hormones, sometimes leading to symptoms of hypothyroidism such as fatigue, weight gain, and depression.

4. Impact on Fertility and Pregnancy

Stress can interfere with fertility by affecting hormone levels essential for ovulation and implantation. For women undergoing fertility treatments, stress can also affect outcomes and emotional well-being.

During pregnancy, excessive stress may increase the risk of complications such as preterm labor or low birth weight. Managing stress during this time is critical for the health of both mother and baby.

5. Mood and Emotional Health

Hormonal imbalances caused by stress often affect mood. You may experience symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, depression, or mood swings. These emotional changes can create a cycle where stress worsens hormonal imbalances, which in turn worsen mood.

Common Symptoms of Hormonal Imbalance Due to Stress

Women experiencing stress-related hormonal imbalances may notice several symptoms, including:

  • Irregular or missed periods

  • Heavy or painful menstruation

  • Hot flashes or night sweats

  • Fatigue or low energy

  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight

  • Sleep disturbances or insomnia

  • Anxiety or depression

  • Reduced libido

  • Difficulty conceiving

  • Digestive issues such as bloating or constipation

If you notice these symptoms and suspect stress might be a factor, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.

Ways to Support Hormonal Health and Manage Stress

Balancing hormones while managing stress is possible with lifestyle changes and professional support. Here are some effective strategies:

1. Practice Stress Reduction Techniques

Incorporating relaxation practices such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or mindfulness can help lower cortisol levels and improve hormonal balance. Even a few minutes each day can make a difference.

2. Prioritize Sleep

Quality sleep is essential for hormone regulation. Aim for 7 to 9 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night. Create a calming bedtime routine and avoid screens before sleep.

3. Maintain a Balanced Diet

Eating nutrient-rich foods supports hormone production and reduces inflammation. Focus on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, healthy fats, and whole grains. Limit processed foods, caffeine, and sugar.

4. Stay Physically Active

Regular exercise helps reduce stress and supports healthy hormone levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, such as walking, swimming, or cycling. Avoid excessive exercise, which can have the opposite effect.

5. Avoid Excessive Stimulants

Limit caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine, as these substances can increase stress hormone levels and disrupt hormone balance.

6. Seek Professional Help

If stress or hormonal symptoms persist, consult with your healthcare provider. At Raleigh OB/GYN, we offer comprehensive care, including hormone testing and personalized treatment plans. We can help identify underlying causes and provide options such as lifestyle counseling, supplements, or medications.

7. Build a Support System

Talking with friends, family, or support groups can help you manage stress better. Emotional support is crucial in reducing feelings of isolation and anxiety.

When to See Your Doctor

If you experience persistent symptoms such as missed periods, severe mood swings, unexplained weight changes, or difficulty conceiving, it is important to seek medical advice. Your healthcare provider can evaluate your hormonal health and help determine if stress or another condition is the cause.

Regular check-ups with your OB/GYN are essential for maintaining reproductive health and addressing any concerns early.

Raleigh OB/GYN Supports Your Hormonal Health

Hormonal health is a vital part of women’s overall well-being, and stress can significantly disrupt this balance. At Raleigh OB/GYN, we are dedicated to helping you understand your body and manage stress to protect your hormonal health.

Whether you are dealing with menstrual irregularities, fertility challenges, or symptoms related to thyroid or adrenal function, we are here to guide you. Our team offers personalized care tailored to your unique needs.

Take control of your hormonal health by managing stress and seeking support when needed. Contact Raleigh OB/GYN to schedule a consultation and learn more about how we can help you thrive.