Ovarian Cancer

What Are the Early Signs of Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is often called a “silent” disease; not because it lacks symptoms, but because those symptoms can be vague, subtle, and easy to dismiss. Many people don’t realize anything is wrong until the cancer has progressed to a later stage. That’s why understanding the early signs of ovarian cancer is so important. At Raleigh OB/GYN, we believe education is one of the most powerful tools in protecting your health.

In this blog, we’ll walk you through what ovarian cancer is, who is at risk, and most importantly, what early signs you should be looking out for.

What Is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the small, almond-shaped organs on either side of the uterus that produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. There are several types of ovarian cancer, but the most common is epithelial ovarian cancer, which begins in the tissue that covers the ovary.

According to the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer deaths among people with female reproductive organs. However, it has a much higher treatment success rate when caught early. Unfortunately, only about 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage.

Why Is Early Detection So Difficult?

The ovaries are located deep within the pelvis, making it harder to detect abnormalities during a routine physical exam. Additionally, early ovarian cancer symptoms are often mild and easily mistaken for common digestive or menstrual issues.

That’s why it’s essential to recognize when your body is sending you signals—and to advocate for yourself when something feels off.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Here are the most common early warning signs of ovarian cancer. While these symptoms can also occur with other, less severe conditions, it’s essential to take note if they are persistent, frequent, or worsening over time.

1. Abdominal Bloating or Swelling

Persistent bloating that doesn’t go away—even after changing your diet or taking over-the-counter remedies—can be an early indicator. You may notice your clothes fitting tighter around the waist or a feeling of fullness that comes quickly after eating.

2. Pelvic or Abdominal Pain

Unexplained pain in your lower abdomen or pelvic region that lasts more than a few weeks should not be ignored. This could feel like pressure, aching, or even sharp discomfort.

3. Changes in Appetite or Feeling Full Quickly

People with ovarian cancer often report a decreased appetite or a sensation of fullness after eating only a small amount. If you notice sudden changes in your eating habits that persist, it’s time to check in with your healthcare provider.

4. Urinary Urgency or Frequency

Are you suddenly running to the bathroom more often than usual or feeling an increased urgency to go—even if your fluid intake hasn’t changed? These urinary symptoms can be a subtle sign of pressure from a growing ovarian mass.

5. Unexplained Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom of many health conditions, but if you’re feeling chronically tired without a clear reason (like stress or poor sleep), it may signal something more serious.

6. Changes in Bowel Habits

Constipation, diarrhea, or changes in stool consistency can sometimes be linked to ovarian cancer, especially when paired with other symptoms like bloating or pain.

7. Menstrual Irregularities

Although less common, changes in your menstrual cycle—such as heavier bleeding or irregular periods—can sometimes be an early indicator, particularly in younger women.

8. Unexplained Weight Loss or Gain

Losing weight without trying—or gaining weight, especially around the abdomen—could point to internal changes such as fluid buildup (ascites) associated with ovarian cancer.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You know your body better than anyone. If you experience any of the above symptoms more than 12 times in a month, it’s time to talk to your OB/GYN.

Be specific with your doctor, track your symptoms, note how long they’ve lasted, how often they occur, and whether they are getting worse. This information can be extremely helpful in guiding the diagnostic process.

Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer

While ovarian cancer can occur in anyone with ovaries, some factors may increase your risk:

  • Age: Most cases occur in women over age 50.

  • Family History: A history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer in your family increases your risk.

  • Genetic Mutations: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are linked to a significantly higher chance of developing ovarian cancer.

  • Endometriosis

  • Never Having Been Pregnant

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), particularly if used long-term

If you have any of these risk factors, you must be vigilant about symptom tracking and routine health checks.

Is There a Screening Test for Ovarian Cancer?

Unlike breast or cervical cancer, there is currently no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer in people without symptoms. A Pap smear does not detect ovarian cancer.

However, if ovarian cancer is suspected, your doctor may order:

  • A pelvic exam

  • Transvaginal ultrasound

  • CA-125 blood test

  • CT scan or MRI

  • Genetic testing (especially if you have a family history)

These tools can help detect abnormalities, but they’re usually used after symptoms appear, which is why recognizing early signs is so important.

How Ovarian Cancer Is Treated

Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the type, stage, and whether it has spread. Standard treatment options include:

  • Surgery to remove the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, or surrounding tissue

  • Chemotherapy to kill remaining cancer cells

  • Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in some cases

  • Radiation, though it’s less commonly used

When detected early, the 5-year survival rate is over 90%. That’s why timely diagnosis and treatment are key.

Tips for Protecting Your Ovarian Health

While not all cases of ovarian cancer can be prevented, here are some steps that may reduce your risk:

  • Know your family history and talk to your doctor about genetic testing if necessary.

  • Use oral contraceptives (birth control pills), which have been shown to lower ovarian cancer risk when used long-term.

  • Maintain a healthy weight and diet.

  • Don’t ignore symptoms, especially if they’re persistent or unusual for you.

  • Schedule regular visits with your OB/GYN for routine exams and open dialogue about your health.

Final Thoughts

Ovarian cancer may be hard to detect early, but that doesn’t mean it’s impossible. Paying attention to subtle symptoms and understanding your personal risk factors can make a meaningful difference.

At Raleigh OB/GYN, we’re committed to empowering our patients with the knowledge they need to advocate for their health. If you’ve noticed any of the symptoms mentioned above or have concerns about your risk for ovarian cancer, don’t wait. Schedule an appointment with our team today.

Together, we can take proactive steps toward early detection and better outcomes. Do you need to talk to a provider? We’re here for you. Call Raleigh OB/GYN at 919.876.8225 or schedule your visit today.